Application Finder
- AN-T-239Nonaqueous titration of weak bases with perchloric acid
The amine value is an important parameter and quality indicator to determine in chemical processes and pharmaceuticals. This Application Note presents the nonaqueous perchloric acid titration of triethanolamine.
- AN-CS-003Biogenic amines in addition to standard cations with conductivity detection following sequential suppression and Dose-in Gradient
The concentrations of toxic, biogenic amines in foods, particularly in fish and wine, are an important quality characteristic. The present Application Note shows the separation of putrescine, cadaverine and histamine in addition to the standard cations. Separation takes place on a Metrosep C Supp 1 - 250/4.0 with Dose-in Gradient; quantification via conductivity detection following sequential suppression.
- AN-CS-004Determination of choline in baby milk powder
Choline is important for the biosynthesis of numerous molecules, e.g., the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and exists as an intermediate product in the human metabolism. Concentration determination takes place after microwave digestion. Separation is performed on the Metrosep C Supp 1 - 250/4.0 column following sequential suppression. Separation from the standard cations is outstanding.
- AN-CS-005Determination of tetrabutylammonium in atorvastatin using sequential suppression
Atorvastatin is a medication that is used for reducing cholesterol levels. A sensitive and reliable method for TBA detection is required, given that trace amounts of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) are to be found in the presence of atorvastatin and its derivatives. One such method is ion chromatographic separation on the Metrosep C Supp 1 - 250/4.0 with subsequent conductivity detection and sequential suppression.
- AN-CS-008Determination of dimethylamine in meropenem using sequential suppression
Meropenem is a beta-lactam antibiotic that is classed among the carbapenems; it suppresses murein biosynthesis and thus the buildup of the bacterial cell wall. Dimethylamine is an important precursor in meropenem synthesis and must therefore be monitored as an impurity. Detection is performed on the Metrosep C Supp 1 - 250/4 column with subsequent conductivity detection after sequential suppression.
- AN-CS-011Cation traces in lithium hexafluorophosphate
Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is used as an electrolyte in rechargeable batteries. Its high solubility in non-polar solvents and its non-coordinating character in particular make lithium hexafluorophosphate the ideal salt for use in lithium-ion cells. This Application describes the determination of cation traces in LiPF6 with conductivity detection following sequential suppression.
- AN-CS-014Biogenic amines besides other cations in red wine applying a high-pressure gradient
Biogenic amines are released during the winemaking process. In wine, they are present as odorless salts. However, in the mouth their flavor is partially liberated, influencing the appearance for the wine taste. Besides this, biogenic amines have been related to lack of hygiene or poor manufacturing practices. The biogenic amines are determined applying suppressed cation chromatography.
- AN-CS-015Limit of choline in succinylcholine on a Metrosep C Supp 1 - 150/4.0 closely following USP
Succinylcholine is a short-term paralyzing agent used e.g., for tracheal intubation. Choline is a building block of the drug and needs to be determined as an impurity. USP applies cation chromatography with conductivity detection after suppression. Eluent composition and column type do not exactly comply with the USP method. However, the results fulfill the respective requirements. The choline concentration of the sample is out of USP specifications.
- AN-CS-020Fast IC with Metrosep C Supp 2 - 100/4.0: Four cations in five minutes
The short Metrosep C Supp 2 - 100/4.0 allows applying a higher eluent flow. Together with a more concentrated eluent (7.0 instead of 5.0 mmol/L nitric acid) the run time of the four cations, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium can be reduced to 5 minutes. Conductivity detection after sequential suppression is applied.
- EB-001Near-infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of petrochemicals
Improve petrochemical quality control with NIRS. Fast, cost-effective, and no sample prep needed. Learn more in our eBook.
- EB-004Near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy for polymer analysis: An introduction
This e-book explains how Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy enable rapid, nondestructive polymer analysis, ensuring high quality while reducing costs and waste.
- WP-061Moisture in petroleum products according to ASTM D6304
Knowledge of the water content in lubricating oils, additives, and similar products is important in the manufacturing, purchase, sale, or transfer of petroleum products to help estimate their quality and performance characteristics. Monitoring the water content in such products can prevent damage to infrastructure and ensure safe operation by avoiding corrosion processes and subsequent engine wear. This White Paper explains the easy determination of moisture in petroleum samples by coulometric Karl Fischer titration according to the three procedures outlined in ASTM Method D6304. A comparison is given between the procedures to determine which is most suitable for different sample types.
- WP-011Sustainable Testing of Paint and Coatings
More strict regulations paired with more complex products have increased testing complexity in the paint and coating industry. Therefore, producers ask for more powerful, safe and sustainable analytical methods. Testing by Vis-NIR spectroscopy is a sustainable and costefficient alternative to many wet chemical methods. This white paper describes how Vis-NIR spectroscopy improves testing procedures for various analyses during the formulation and production of paint and coatings in an economic and ecological way.Key words: testing, sustainable, VOC, paint, coating, binders, resins, additives, pigments, solvents
- WP-021Water analysis in the field: Determining arsenic, mercury, and copper
Heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury find their way into the ground water in many regions of the world, either through natural processes or as the result of human activities. Limit values are exceeded many times over, particularly for arsenic in drinking water, in many areas. This calls for a rigorous monitoring of water quality. The present whitepaper focuses on field determinations of arsenic, mercury, and copper – directly at the sampling site.
- WP-026Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) – Expanding the Limits of Conventional Raman Analysis
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering or SERS is an anomalous enhancement of Raman scattering when molecules are adsorbed to gold or silver nanoparticles – this enhancement can be as large as 107. The advantage of SERS for the analytical chemist lies in its ability to detect analyte concentrations of parts per million and even parts per billion levels, while classical Raman is limited to parts per thousand. Metrohm Raman produces P-SERS assays in the form of nanoparticles printed onto substrates using inkjet technology. This method produces inexpensive test strips that exhibit exceptional stability and sensitivity. There are two markets that can be easily addressed with P-SERS: forensic analysisand food safety. This white paper explains the mechanism of SERS and how it can be applied to handheld Raman analysis with Metrohm Raman Mira systems.
- WP-030Analytical method transfer
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a widely used analytical technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of various products in research and industrial applications. Because of different reasons it might be necessary to transfer analytical methods from one NIR analyzer to another one. This white paper summarizes the workflow of such method transfer.
- WP-034Determination of Heroin in Street Drug Samples
Printable Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (P-SERS) silver substrates were used with Metrohm Raman’s Mira DS handheld Raman analyzer to successfully detect heroin in 18 crude street heroin samples. Detection of heroin with P-SERS was accomplished easily and very quickly, with minimal sample clean-up. Solvent studies were also implemented to determine the optimal solvent for crude sample extraction, with results included here.
- WP-040Benefits of Client-Server Systems for Quality Control with Vis-NIR Spectroscopy
Analyzer systems monitoring product quality can offer substantial advantages when organized in a client-server network compared to the more traditional local installation. This white paper presents different client-server setups and their benefits. Security aspects that need to be considered are discussed based on the example of the client-server Vis-NIR (visible near-infrared) spectroscopy software Vision Air, widely used for quality control in the chemical, polymer, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical industry.
- WP-052A Guide to Li-ion Battery Research and Development
The commercialization of Li-ion batteries in 1991 was the culmination of in-depth R&D conducted by scientists and engineers around the globe over the preceding few decades. Further development of Li-ion batteries and alternative rechargeable batteries has continued until today. As the world is rapidly moving towards a new era defined by green technologies, more practical and accurate R&D is required in order to meet the increasing demands for energy storage systems, specifically from the automotive industry. This white paper presents the basics of the Li-ion battery technology and guides the reader through the relevant techniques and terminologies in Li-ion battery research.
- WP-054Boost efficiency in the QC laboratory: How NIRS helps reduce costs up to 90%
Underestimation of quality control (QC) processes is one of the major factors leading to internal and external product failure, which have been reported to cause a loss of turnover between 10–30%. As a result, many different norms are put in place to support manufacturers with their QC process. However, time to result and the associated costs for chemicals can be quite excessive, leading many companies to implement near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in their QC process. This paper illustrates the potential of NIRS and displays cost saving potentials up to 90%.
- WP-012Corrosion control: Thermometric TAN analysis in oil & refinery distillation fractions
Many refiners look at discounted opportunity crudes as a means to improve their margin spread. The varieties of these cheap crude oils on the market are growing in number, but they have hidden risks for the purchaser caused by factors such as high naphthenic acid and sulfur content. Sulfur compounds and naphthenic acids are among the substances that contribute to the corrosive nature of crude oils and petroleum products. This is why the risk of corrosion is increased when processing crude oils with high naphthenic acid and sulfur content. The refiner must balance the cost benefit versus the risk and the cost of corrosion control when processing these crudes. A reliable acid number determination is a crucial part of corrosion control. Guest authors Bert Thakkar, Bryce McGarvey, and Colette McGarvey of Imperial Oil and Larry Tucker and Lori Carey of Metrohm USA were involved in the development of the new ASTM Method D8045 for acid number determination. Here, they report on the method and how it came to be.
- WP-031Lifecycle of multivariate methods according to United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <1039> Chemometrics
Chemometrics is a powerful tool widely used for method development in the pharmaceutical industry. This whitepaper describes the lifecycle of multivariate models and summarizes the workflow of the development of chemometrical models according to the new USP chapter <1039>.
- WP-014High productivity and profitability in IC environmental analysis
Brad Meadows is Vice President and Lab Director at the US company BSK Labs, which runs a number of environmental laboratories and service centers. Brad is an analytical chemist and has been working in the management of analysis laboratories for 15 years. He shared his experiences with Metrohm ion chromatography with us in the form of some concrete facts and figures.
- WP-024Verification, p-values, and Training Sets for the Mira P
This white paper differentiates between methods for identification of unknowns and verification of known materials. The goal of this publication is, ultimately, to inform the user of the capabilities of the handheld Metrohm Raman Mira P system. Best practices for building robust training sets for materials verification with Mira P can also be found here.
- WP-057FOS/TAC Quotient for the optimization of methane production from biomass
The FOS/TAC value is an important characteristic to assess the status of the fermenter before costly problems arise. The new Eco Titrator from Metrohm allows the determination of this quotient in a fast, cost-efficient, and precise way.
- WP-065Simplified sulfite determination in foods and beverages using ion chromatography
Sulfites are well-known additives in foods and beverages used to extend shelf life and preserve colors. Such properties have led to the broad usage of sulfites in a range of foodstuffs like fruits, cereals, vegetables, seafood, juices, alcoholic and non-alcoholic (soft) beverages, and in some meat products. The term «sulfites» describes a group of molecules that include sulfur dioxide (SO2) and chemically related molecules like sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), or sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5). Sulfite intake has been correlated with several adverse reactions, and therefore sulfites are included in the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius list. Labelling sulfite content in foods and beverages is necessary when the total concentration exceeds 10 mg/kg. Metrohm ion chromatography allows the reliable measurement of sulfite in different matrices using either conductivity or amperometric detection. The inclusion of automated sample preparation and cleaning steps with Metrohm instrumentation saves additional analyst time and helps increase sample throughput.
- WP-067Quality control of semiconductor acid baths as per ASTM E1655 – Time- and cost-efficient with NIRS
The demand for microelectronics and printed circuit boards (PCBs) has steadily increased as more flat panel displays, LEDs, photovoltaics, and other essential intermediates are required to create modern consumer devices. This is favorable for the semiconductor industry, though challenges may arise to deliver on time while upholding high quality standards. To be successful, several processes must be optimized in order to increase production efficiency. This White Paper describes the capabilities of the modern analytical method near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for assessing the quality of acid baths for etching of microelectronics and printed electronics. Not only are analysis times sharply reduced to less than a minute, the related running costs are also significantly lower – certainly a boost in efficiency that should not be overlooked!
- WP-069(Un)Grounded: Grounded and floating measurements and their application in electrochemical research
In this White Paper, details of the electronic (PGSTAT) and electrochemical cell grounding are presented together with the necessity of using a floating PGSTAT for different application and experimental examples. Due to the wide variation of experimental requirements and kinds of electrochemical cells, the use of an electrochemical instrument with a selectable floating feature (such as VIONIC) which brings additional versatility to the user is recommended.
- WP-068Recommendations for titration methods validation
The objective of validation of an analytical procedure is to demonstrate that it is suitable for its intended purpose. Recommendations for the validation of analytical methods can be found in ICH Guidance Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology and in USP General Chapter <1225> Validation of Compendial Procedures. The goal of this white paper is to provide some recommendations for the validation of titration methods.
- WP-073On-site detection of hexavalent chromium in protective paint primers
It is widely accepted that prolonged exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds can have dire health effects. This has led to increased regulation of chromium-containing products and greater demand for technologies that can positively identify hexavalent chromium in potential matrices. These include paints, dyes, and primers, which can pose a problem for interrogation with Raman, as strongly colored materials often exhibit fluorescence when stimulated at 785 nm. Fluorescence can obscure the Raman signal and prevent positive identification. MIRA XTR DS provides all the functionality of handheld material ID with a new capability that selectively eXTRacts the Raman signal from fluorescent materials. Fluorescence rejection at 785 nm provides higher sensitivity and resolution than 1064 nm systems, as well as a much wider scope of applications amenable to Raman spectroscopy. MIRA XTR DS offers a comprehensive and versatile material ID test solution for field operations.
- WP-079How to characterize a catalyst? Cyclic voltammetry in action
This White Paper introduces the principles of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the various ways it can be used for catalyst investigation. A case study and helpful glossary are provided to support your understanding.
- WP-078Adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF) for screening of PFAS in waters
Learn about PFAS, their impact on water quality, EU Directive 2020/2184, and the benefits of AOF measurement using combustion ion chromatography (CIC).
- WP-083Hyphenated electrochemical-Raman spectroscopy: Another dimension for your research
White paper about Raman spectroscopy and electrochemistry and their combination (electrochemical Raman).
- WP-076Process analyzers as proactive solutions for online corrosion monitoring
White paper on monitoring corrosion and the benefits of online or inline chemical analysis over manual sampling and offline laboratory methods for corrosion monitoring. Online and inline process application solutions for corrosion prevention with related application notes for further information are presented.
- WP-089Water content determination in ketones using Hydranal™ NEXTGEN FA reagents
With Hydranal™ NEXTGEN FA reagents, the water content in ketones can be determined quickly and reliably. Compared to other existing KF reagents for ketones on the market, the side reactions are measurably better suppressed.
- WP-094OMNIS NIRS: An efficiency boost for your laboratory
This White Paper discusses the concept and benefits of NIR spectroscopy and outlines several real-life laboratory application examples with the use of OMNIS NIRS, the cutting-edge NIR spectrometer from Metrohm.
- 8.000.6015Effect of eluent composition and column temperature on IC column retention times
This work was carried out with a Metrosep C 2 - 150 separation column, the following eluent parameters being investigated: nitric, tartaric, citric and oxalic acid concentration and concentration of the complexing anion of dipicolinic acid (DPA). The aim was to determine the effect of these parameters plus that of the column temperature on the retention times of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and amines using ion exchange chromatography with non-suppressed conductivity detection. Due to similar affinities for the ion exchange column, transition metals are difficult to separate with the classical nitric, tartaric, citric and oxalic acid eluents. Partial complexation with the dipicolinate ligand significantly shortens the retention times and improves the separation efficiency. However, too strong complexation results in a rapid passage through the column and thus in a complete loss of separation. Apart from a change in the elution order of magnesium and calcium at high DPA concentrations, other non-amine cations are only slightly affected by the eluent composition. Irrespective of the tartaric acid and nitric acid concentration in the eluent, an increase in column temperature shortens the retention times and slightly improves the peak symmetries of organic amine cations, particularly in the case of the trimethylamine cation. In contrast, an increase in column temperature in the presence of DPA concentrations exceeding 0.02 mmol/L increases the retention time of the transition metals. Depending on the separation problem, variation of the pH value, the use of a complexing agent and/or an increase in column temperature are powerful tools for broadening the scope of cation chromatography.
- 8.000.6037Fully automated inline eluent preparation on demand
By using the 800 Dosino and the 849 Level Control as the only additional devices, Metrohm`s intelligent ion chromatography (IC) systems - the 850 Professional IC and the Compact IC family - can be easily extended to perform any unattended inline eluent preparation. Fully controlled by MagIC NetTM, the 849 Level Control monitors the eluent level while the Dosino performs all dosing and liquid handling tasks. Consecutive injections of a 250-µg/L standard over approximately 20 days revealed an excellent retention-time stability. After more than 800 consecutive injections, relative standard deviations for anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-) and cations (Li+ , Na+, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were smaller than 0.55 and 0.41%, respectively. In the case of a 24-hour sequence, retention-time precision for anions and cations was better than 0.09 and 0.08%, respectively. The presented inline eluent preparation system increases the retention-time reproducibility and allows the determination of anions and cations over a one-month period without manual eluent preparation.
- 8.000.6042Straightforward multipoint calibration using a single standard
The combination of 850 Professional IC, 858 Professional Sample Processor, Dosino and MagIC NetTM software offers a variety of automated ion chromatographic sample preparation and calibration techniques available as an anion, cation or dual channel system. Calibration is straightforward and requires only one multi-ion standard.Inline calibration allows the calibration of any standard concentration in the ppt range by using one single stable standard solution at the ppb level. By using a preconcentration column and switching the valves one, two or more times different calibration concentrations at the ultra-trace level can be created with unprecedented reproducibility. The inline preconcentration technique uses a pre-concentration column and is ideally suited for trace analysis in complex matrices, especially when combined with matrix elimination. Besides facilitating the preparation of g/L to ng/L calibration graphs Metrohm`s intelligent techniques are capable of logical decision making. While Metrohm`s intelligent Partial Loop technique (MiPT) allows samples with a wide concentration range to be injected without previous manual dilution, the intelligent inline dilution technique, after the first sample injection, compares peak areas, calculates, if necessary, the dilution factor, dilutes and automatically re-injects the sample. The presented inline techniques allow the rationalization of the time-consuming, error-prone and cost-intensive manual preparation of standard solutions. They guarantee that the determined sample concentrations always lie within the calibration range. Higher sample throughputs as well as lower analysis costs and improved data reliability are achieved.
- 8.000.6079Automated Karl Fischer titration for liquid samples using edible oils as an example
The poster describes the development of an automated Karl Fischer method for determining the water content in different edible oils.
- 8.000.6106Potassium Assay in OTC Drug Products by Ion Chromatography
This poster presented jointly with USP at AAPS meeting shows, that we successfully developed and validated a single IC procedure for potassium assay and identification in potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride for effervescent oral suspension. The optimized chromatographic conditions could be used for other cationic impurities, such as magnesium, calcium, sodium, and ammonium in potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride for effervescent oral suspension. Single chromatographic method for assay and identification simplifies the overall QA/QC workflow.
- 8.000.6007Determination of sulfate in denatured ethyl alcohol according to ASTM D7319
In this poster a convenient direct injection suppressed ion chromatographic method for determining chloride and sulfate in denatured ethanol samples according to ASTM D7319 is presented.
- 8.000.6010Inline sample preparation – An effective tool for ion analysis in pharmaceutical products
By means of azide analysis in Irbesartan a simple, fast, precise and accurate ion chromatographic method for the determination of traces of inorganic contaminants in pharmaceuticals is described. Traces of toxic azides in pharmaceutical products can accurately be determined in the sub-ppb range after Metrohm Inline Matrix Elimination using isocratic ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection. While the azide anions are retained on the preconcentration column, the interfering pharmaceutical matrix is washed away by a transfer solution, ideally consisting of 70% methanol and 30% ultrapure water. The analytical setup provides a well-resolved azide peak and thus alleviates the common drawback of excipient interferences, especially from the nitrate anion. Calibration with azide standards is linear over the range of 5…80 ppb, providing a coefficient of determination of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of azide in Irbesartan are 5 and 30 µg/L respectively; the relative standard deviations (RSD) for the peak area, peak height and retention time being smaller than 3.9%. Robustness testing involved variation of column oven temperature and composition of the transfer solution and, in terms of peak area, provided RSDs smaller than 2.8% and 3.1% respectively.
- 8.000.6016Advantages of multidimensional ion chromatography for trace analysis
The analytical challenge treated in the present work consists in detecting trace concentrations (ppb) of bromide in the presence of a strong chloride matrix. This problem was overcome by separating the bromide ions from the main fraction of the early eluting chloride matrix (several g/L) by applying two sequential chromatographic separations on the same column. After the first separation, the main fraction of the interfering chloride matrix is flushed to waste, while the later eluting anions are diverted to an anion-retaining preconcentration column. After elution in counter flow, the bromide ions are efficiently separated from the marginal chloride residues. The four-point calibration curves for bromide and sulfate are linear in the range of 10…100 µg/L and 200…800 µg/L and yield correlation coefficients of 0.99988 and 0.99953 respectively. For the method shown here, a second injection valve and a preconcentration column are the only additional devices needed to master this demanding separation problem.
- 8.000.6029Determination of copper in fuel ethanol for car engines by anodic stripping voltammetry
The presence of copper in fuel ethanol blends has gained considerable attention, since Cu2+ catalyzes oxidative reactions in gasoline leading to a deterioration of olefins and the formation of gum. Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), one of the most sensitive and accurate techniques for trace-metal analysis, has been demonstrated for the determination of Cu(II) in ethanol/gasoline blends without any sample pretreatment. Copper ions are first electrodeposited onto the surface of a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) before the amalgamated copper is quantitatively stripped (anodically dissolved), a current-voltage curve being recorded.Experimental conditions such as deposition time and potential as well as the suitable electrolyte and reference electrode were determined in preliminary experiments. For synthetic samples spiked with Cu2+ (5…100 µg/L), recovery rates between 96 and 112% were obtained. The copper-spiked E85 sample provided a recovery of 100%. The relative standard deviations for Cu2+ concentrations of 5 µg/L and above were 8.0 and 5.5% respectively. Using a preconcentration time of 60 s at -0.7 V versus Ag/AgCl, a linear range of 0…500 µg/L with a detection limit of 2 µg/L was obtained.
- 8.000.6039Mercury and arsenic speciation analysis by IC-ICP/MS
By means of IC-ICP/MS, different valence states of arsenic and mercury in the form of inorganic and organic species can be sensitively and unambiguously identified in one single run. Determination of common arsenic species in biological matrices is straightforward and can be performed down to the sub-ppb level.Species transformations of mercury that occur during several sample preparation techniques, however, require the use of specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS). This work illustrates the decisive advantage that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 6800 (SIDMS) offers for studying the transformations of mercury species during sample preparation of fish tissue samples. Because of the unique features and benefits of EPA Method 6800, it is expected that utilization of SIDMS will increase and that this valuable tool for optimizing and validating trace-metals-speciated sample preparation will gain much wider acceptance by analytical chemists.
- 8.000.6062Water determination in various plastics
The presence of excessive water in plastics adversely affects the performance of polymeric goods which is why water determination is of crucial importance. This article describes the accurate and straightforward determination of the water content using the Karl Fischer Oven Method in ten different plastic types that are not amenable to direct Karl Fischer titration. The experiments revealed that besides the determination of the oven temperature, sample preparation is one of the most important steps of the analysis, especially in case of hygroscopic plastic samples.
- 8.000.6064Microbore columns: a contribution to green chemistry
Available sample size, mass sensitivity, efficiency and the detector type are important criteria in the selection of separation column dimensions. Compared to conventional 4 mm i.d. columns, microbore columns excel, above all, by their low eluent consumption. Once an eluent is prepared, it can be used for a long time. Additionally, the lower flow rates of microbore columns facilitate the hyphenation to mass spectrometers due to the improved ionization efficiency in the ion source.With the same injected sample amount, a halved column diameter involves a lower eluent flow and results in an approximate four-fold sensitivity increase. In a converse conclusion, this means that with less sample amount, microbore columns achieve the same chromatographic sensitivity and resolution than normal bore columns. This makes them ideally suited for samples of limited availability.
- 8.000.6074Influence of pH, temperature, and molybdate concentration on the performance of the triiodide method for the trace-level determination of bromate (EPA 326)
This poster discusses results showing the influence of pH, temperature of the post-column reactor, eluent composition, and iodide concentration on the sensitivity of the triiodide method.
- 8.000.6101Analysis of Anions and Oxoanions using Ion Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (IC-MS)
Ion chromatography tackles difficult separation problems of various ionic species and typically works with conductivity detection. Mass detection as a secondary independent detector significantly lowers the detection limits and confirms the identity of analytes even when coeluting. This poster describes how the combination of IC-MS and automated sample preparation techniques cope with the analysis of anions and oxoanions in challenging matrices such as soil or explosion residues.
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With over 8,000 pieces sold each year, the 800 Dosino is the most successful piston buret worldwide.
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